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Education

• Doctor of Applied Sciences, with the highest distinction, University of Liège, Belgium, 1976.
• Dipl.-Ing., Institute of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Romania, 1969.
• Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctorate), Polytechnic University of Milan (Politecnico di Milano), Milan, Italy, 2016.
• Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctorate), Technical University of Iaşi, Romania, 2014.
• Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctorate), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, 2008.
• Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctorate), Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Romania, 2001.

ASCE Medal, Established in 2023

• Dan M. Frangopol Medal for Life-Cycle Engineering of Civil Structures. This award was officially instituted by action of the ASCE Board of Direction on October 18, 2023.

Honors and Distinctions

• Corresponding Member, Mexican Academy of Engineering, 2023
• International Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, 2022.
• Member of the National Academy of Construction of the United States, 2020.
• Foreign Associate of the Engineering Academy of Japan, 2020.
• Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy, 2017.
• Lifetime Achievement Award in Education (OPAL), ASCE, 2016
• Foreign Member of the Royal Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, 2016.
• Foreign Member of the Academia Europaea (Academy of Europe, London), 2015.
• Distinguished Member, ASCE, 2010.
• Honorary Member of the Academy of Technical Sciences of Romania, 2000.
• ASCE Newmark, Freudenthal, Housner and Croes (twice) Medals; ASCE Ang (inaugural), Howard, Moisseiff (twice), Lifetime Achievement Award in Education (OPAL), and State-of-the-Art of Civil Engineering (three times) Awards; ASCE Noble, Reese, and Wellington (twice) Prizes; ISHMII Mufti Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Civil SHM; International Award of Merit, European Association on Quality Control of Bridges and Structures (EUROSTRUCT); European Council on Computing in Construction (ECCC) Thorpe Medal; IABSE Outstanding Paper Award (OPA); ELSEVIER Munro Prize; IABMAS TY Lin Medal (inaugural); IALCCE Khan Medal (inaugural); IASSAR Research Prize; KAJIMA Research Award; SAE Distinguished Probabilistic Methods Educator Award (inaugural); JSPS Fellowship (twice); ASCE Lehigh Valley Section’s Civil Engineer of the Year Award.
• Lehigh University Awards: Hillman Faculty Award; Eleanor and Joseph F. Libsch Research Award; Hillman Award for Excellence in Graduate Advising; Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science's Excellence in Research Scholarship and Leadership Award.
• University of Colorado Awards: Boulder Faculty Assembly’s Excellence in Research, Scholarly and Creative Work Award; College of Engineering and Applied Science’s Faculty Research Award; Clarence L. Eckel Faculty Prize for Excellence; Distinguished Achievement Award; Research Development Award (twice); Teaching Award; Service Award.
• Honorary Professor: Shenyang Jianzhu University (Shenyang, China), 2018; Hunan University (Hunan, China), 2016; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University (Melbourne, Australia), 2015; Beijing Jiaotong University (Beijing, China), 2015; Chongqing Jiaotong University (Chongqing, China), 2015; Changsha University of Science and Technology (Changsha, China), 2015; Dalian University of Technology (Dalian, China), 2014; Harbin Institute of Technology (Harbin, China), 2013; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong, China), 2012; Chang'an University (Xi'an, Shaanxi, China), 2012; Southeast University (Nanjing, China), 2011; Tianjin University (Tianjin, China), 2011; Tongji University (Shanghai, China), 2009.
• For more information on honors and distinctions, .

Professional Affiliations

• Founding President, The International Association for Bridge Maintenance and Safety (IABMAS).
• Founding President, The International Association for Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE).
• Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.
• Inaugural Holder of the Fazlur Rahman Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture at Lehigh University (2006 - Present).
• Initiator and Organizer of the Fazlur R. Khan Distinguished Lecture Series at Lehigh University (2007 - Present).
• Past Chair of the Technical Activities Division of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE; Past Vice-President and Chair of the Executive Board of the International Association for Structural Safety and Reliability (IASSAR); Past Vice-President and Member of the Board of Governors of the Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI) of ASCE; Past Vice-President of the International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (ISHMII); Inaugural Fellow of SEI and EMI; Fellow of ACI, IABSE, ISHMII and JSCE.
• For a list of Prof. Frangopol’s professional affiliations and service,  .

Interests

Development and application of probabilistic and optimization concepts and methods to civil and marine engineering, including:

• Structural reliability and probabilistic mechanics
• Life-cycle cost analysis
• Probability-based assessment, design, and multi-criteria life-cycle optimization of structures and infrastructure systems
• Structural health monitoring
• Life-cycle performance maintenance and management of structures and distributed infrastructure under extreme events (earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and floods)
• Risk-based assessment and decision making
• Multi-hazard risk mitigation
• Infrastructure sustainability and resilience to disasters
• Climate change adaptation

Research Supervision

Prof. Frangopol has supervised the dissertations of 50 PhD students (37 as dissertation advisor and 13 as dissertation co-advisor) and the theses and reports of 56 MSc students. In addition, he has supervised and sponsored 22 post-doctoral researchers and hosted over 70 visiting scholars. 29 of his former students and post-doctoral researchers are university professors in the United States and abroad, and many are prominent in professional practice and research laboratories.

Recent Publications

Prof. Frangopol is the author/co-author of 4 books, 64 book chapters, 470 articles in archival journals, over 700 papers in conference proceedings, and more than 100 technical reports. He has edited/co-edited 56 books and 30 special issues of international journals. For a complete list of publications, .

Books

• Bridge Safety, Maintenance and Management in a Life- Cycle Context (with S. Kim), CRC Press, A Science Publishers Book, Boca Raton, London, New York, ISBN: 978-1-032-05281-6, 2022, 296 pages.
• Life-Cycle of Structures Under Uncertainty: Emphasis on fatigue-sensitive civil and marine structures (with S. Kim). CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, ISBN-13: 978-0367147556, 2019, 216 pages.
• Structures and Infrastructure Systems: Life‐Cycle Performance, Management, and Optimization. Routledge, New York, ISBN-13: 978-0815396055, 2018, 406 pages.
• Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers (with W.F. Ames, G. Cain, Y.L. Tong, W.G. Steele, H.W. Coleman, R.L. Kautz, and P. Norton), CRC Press , Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C., ISBN-13: 978-0849300561, 2000, 262 pages.

Articles

• "Look Ahead Active-learning Reliability Analysis Based on Stepwise Margin Reduction," (with T. Zhou, T. Guo, Y. Dong, and F. Yang), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 243, 109830, 2024, 1-21, 
• “Tsunami Insurance Portfolio Optimization for Coastal Residential Buildings under Non-stationary Sea Level Rise Effects Based on Sample Average Approximation,” (with A.K. Alhamid, M. Akiyama, S. Koshimura, and H. So), Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, Springer (published online: November 18, 2023), 
• “Impact of Climate Change on Risk Assessment and Effective Maintenance Strategies for Bridge Networks Subjected to Corrosion,” (with X. Han), ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE-ASME, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2024, 04023054, 1-15, doi:
• “Probabilistic Connectivity Assessment of Bridge Networks Considering Spatial Correlations Associated with Flood and Seismic Hazards,” (with P.S. Firdaus, H. Matsuzaki, M. Akiyama, and K. Aoki), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis (published online: November 10, 2023), 
• “Probabilistic Structural Identification and Condition Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Bridges Based on Bayesian Inference using Deflection Measurement,” (with S. Jia, M. Akiyama, and B. Han), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis (published online: March 31, 2023),
• “IABSE Survey of Implemented Decision-making Models used by Public and Private Owners/Operators of Road- and Railway Infrastructures,” (with A. Strauss, A. Orcesi, A. Lampropoulos, B. Briseghella, H.S. Sousa, J. Casas, J.C. Matos, K. Schellenberg, M. Valenzuela, M. Akiyama, P. Linneberg, R. Hajdin, and T. Moser), Structural Engineering International, Journal of IABSE, Taylor & Francis (published online: March 17, 2023), 
• “An Error-based Stopping Criterion for Spherical Decomposition-based Adaptive Kriging Model and Rare Event Estimation,” (with Y. Zhang and Y. Dong), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 241, 109610, 2024, 1-16, 
• “A Member Redundancy Index Based on Distributed Static Indeterminacy for Optimum Material Distribution for Structures with Axially Loaded Members,” (with N.M. Okasha, M. Soliman, S. Kim, and A.K. Alzo’ubi), Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 293, 2023, 116654, 1-12, 
• "Sustainability-informed Management Optimization of Asphalt Pavement Considering Risk Evaluated by Multiple Performance Indicators using Deep Neural Networks,” (with J. Xin and M. Akiyama), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 238, 2023, 109448, 1-16, 
• “In Memoriam – Christian G. Bucher,” Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 104, 2023, 102367
• “Probabilistic Life-cycle Connectivity Assessment of Transportation Networks using Deep Learning,” (with J. Xin, M. Akiyama, and X. Han), Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2023, 04023066, 1-19, 
• “Sustainable Life-cycle Maintenance Policy-making for Network-level Deteriorating Bridges with Convolutional Autoencoder-structured Reinforcement Learning Agent,” (with X. Lei and Y. Dong), Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2023, 04023063, 1-15, 
• “Investigation on a Novel Reliability Analysis Approach Integrating Adaptive Space Division and Direction Sampling,” (with X. Han), Advances in Structural Engineering, SAGE, Vol. 26, No. 10, 2023, 1929-1950, 
• “Life-cycle Risk Assessment of Building Portfolios Subjected to Tsunamis Under Nonstationary Sea-level Rise Based on a Compound Renewal Process,” (with A.K. Alhamid, M. Akiyama, K. Aoki, and S. Koshimura), Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Wiley, Vol. 52, No, 7, 2023, 1961-1982,
• “Application of First-order Reliability Method with Orthogonal Plane Sampling for High-dimensional Series System Reliability Analysis,” (with W. Chen, C. Gong, and Z. Wang), Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 282, 2023, 115778, 1-9, 
• “A Novel Combined Experimental-Machine Learning Approach to Estimate the Probabilistic Capacity of RC Beams with Spatially Correlated Rebar Corrosion in Transverse and Longitudinal Directions,” (with S. Srivaranun, M. Akiyama, T. Yamada, and J. Xin) Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 279, 2023, 115588, 1-17, 
• “Towards Probabilistic Seismic Performance of Vehicle-bridge Interaction Systems: From Stochastic Dynamic Model to Fragility Analysis,” (with P. Yuan, Y. Dong, and R. Feng), Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2023, 88-110, 
• “Life-cycle Risk-based Optimal Maintenance Strategy for Bridge Networks Subjected to Corrosion and Seismic Hazards,” (with X. Han), Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2023, 04022128, 1-12, 
• “Probabilistic Long-term Resilience of Deteriorating Bridges under Seismic and Deterioration Processes,” (with J. Qian and Y. Dong) Bridge Engineering - Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd., Vol. 176, No. 2, 2023, 129-140, 
• “Structural Identification via the Inference of the Stochastic Volatility Model Conditioned on the Time-dependent Bridge Deflection,” (with S. Jia, M. Akiyama, G. Han, and H. Xie), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 100, 2023, 102279. 1-16,
• “Efficient Scenario Analysis for Optimal Adaptation of Bridge Networks under Deep Uncertainties through Knowledge Transfer,” (with M. Cheng), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 100, 2023, 102278, 1-13, 
• “Fatigue Reliability Analysis Considering Corrosion Effects and Integrating SHM Information,” (with X. Han), Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 272, 2022, 114967, 1-14, 
• “Life-cycle Connectivity-based Maintenance Strategy for Bridge Networks Subjected to Corrosion Considering Correlation of Bridge Resistances,” (with X. Han), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2022, 1614-1637, 
• "Effects of Galvanostatic and Artificial Chloride Environment Methods on the Steel Corrosion Spatial Variability and Probabilistic Flexural Capacity of RC Beams," (with J. Xin, M. Akiyama, S. Miyazoto, S. Lim, Z. Xu, and A. Li), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 10-11, 2022, 1506-1525,
• "Probabilistic Multi-Objective Optimum Combined Inspection and Monitoring Planning and Decision Making with Updating," (with S. Kim and B. Ge), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 10-11, 2022, 1487-1505,
• “Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Wave Impacts on Box Girder Bridges,” (with D. Zhu and Y. Dong), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 10-11, 2022, 1379-1397, 
• “Risk-informed Bridge Optimal Maintenance Strategy Considering Target Service Life and User Cost at Project and Network Levels,” (with X. Han), ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE-ASME, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2022, 04022050, 1-13, 
• "Stochastic Renewal Process Model of Time-variant Tsunami Hazard Assessment under Nonstationary Effects of Sea-level Rise due to Climate Change,” (with A.K. Alhamid, M. Akiyama, K. Aoki, and S. Koshimura), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 99, 2022, 1022763, 1-17, 
• “Resilience of Aging Structures and Infrastructure Systems with Emphasis on Seismic Resilience of Bridges and Road Networks: Review,” (with L. Capacci and F. Biondini), Resilience Cities and Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2022, 23-41, 
• “Multi-objective Optimisation of in-service Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Schedule Considering System Reliability Estimated via LSTM Neural Networks,” (with J. Xin, M. Akiyama, and M. Zhang), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2022, 1002-1019,
• “Random Field-based Reliability Updating Framework for Existing RC Structures Incorporating the Effect of Spatial Steel Corrosion Distribution,” (with S. Srivaranun, M. Akiyama, K. Masuda, and O. Maruyama). Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2022, 967-982, 
• "Probabilistic Optimum Bridge System Maintenance Management Considering Correlations of Deteriorating Components and Service Life Extensions,” (with S. Kim and B. Ge), ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE-ASME, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2022, 04022023, 1-18,
• “Risk-based Optimal Life-cycle Maintenance Strategy for Bridge Networks Considering Stochastic User Equilibrium,” (with X. Han), ASCE -ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE-ASME, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2022, 04022011, 1-14, 
• “Digital Technologies Can Enhance Global Climate Resilience of Critical Infrastructure,” (with S.A. Argyroudis, S.A. Mitoulis, E. Chatzi, J.W. Baker, I. Brilakis, K. Gkoumas, M. Vousdoukas, W. Hynes, S. Carluccio, O. Keou, and I. Linkov), Climate Risk Management, Elsevier, Vol. 35, 2022,100387, 1-9,
• "Multi-stakeholder Framework for Assessing the Life-cycle Social Cost of Construction Projects," (with K. Wu, D.Y. Yang, and W. Jin), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2022, 129-144, 
• “Risk-based Inspection Planning of Deteriorating Structures," (with D.Y. Yang), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2022, 109-128,
• “The Crux of Bridge and Transport Network Resilience-advancements and Future-proof Solutions,” (with S. A. Mitoulis, M. Domaneschi, J.R. Casas, G. P. Cimellaro, N. Catbas, and B. Stojadinovic), Bridge Engineering - Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd., Vol. 175, No. 3, 2022, 133-137 
• “Transfer Prior Knowledge from Surrogate Modelling: A Meta-learning Approach,” (with M. Cheng, C. Dang, M. Beer, and X.-X. Yuan), Computers & Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 260, 106719, 2022, 1-16, 
• “Life-cycle Optimization of Structural Systems based on Cumulative Prospect Theory: Effects of the Reference Point and Risk Attitudes,” (with M. Cheng), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 218, 2022, 108100, 1-15, 
• “Framework for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment Considering the Effects of Sea-level Rise due to Climate Change,” (with A.K. Alhamid, M. Akiyama, H. Ishibashi, K. Aoki, and S. Koshimura), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 94. 2022, 102152, 1-18, 
• “A Decision-making Framework for Load-rating Planning of Aging Bridges Using Deep Reinforcement Learning,” (with M. Cheng), Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2021, 04021024, 1-16, 
• “Optimal Load-rating Inspection Planning of Corroded Steel Girders using Markov Decision Process,” (with M. Cheng), Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Elsevier, Vol. 66, 2021, 103160, 1-11, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2021.103160
• “Effect of the Interaction of Corrosion Pits among Multiple Tensile Rebars on the Reliability of RC Structures: Experimental and Numerical Investigation,” (with S. Srivaranun, M. Akiyama, P. Bocchini, V. Christou, D.M. Frangopol, H. Fukushima, and K. Masuda), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 93, 2021, 102115, 1-18, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115
• "Optimum Maintenance of Deteriorated Steel Bridges using Corrosion Resistant Steel based on System Reliability and Life-cycle Cost,” (with X. Han and D.Y. Yang), Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 243, 2021, 112633, 1-13, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112633
• "Determining Target Reliability Index of Structures based on Cost Optimization and Acceptance Criteria for Fatality Risk (with L. Liu and D.Y. Yang), ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2021, 0401013, 1-13,
• "Error Analysis for Approximate Structural Life-cycle Reliability and Risk using Machine Learning Methods," (with D.Y. Yang and X. Han), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 89, 2021, 102033, 1-14, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2020.102033
• "Risk-Based Vulnerability Analysis of Deteriorating Coastal Bridges under Hurricanes Considering Deep Uncertainty of Climatic and Socioeconomic Changes," (with D.Y. Yang), ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2020 , 04020032, 1-14,
• "Probabilistic Cost-Benefit Analysis for Service Life Extension of Ships," (with L. Liu and D.Y. Yang), Ocean Engineering, Elsevier, Vol. 201, 2020, 107094, 1-14, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107094
• “Risk-based Portfolio Management of Civil Infrastructure Assets under Deep Uncertainties associated with Climate Change: A Robust Optimization Approach,” (with D.Y. Yang), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2020, 531-546, http://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1639776
• “Network-level Risk-based Framework for Optimal Bridge Adaptation Management Considering Scour and Climate Change,” (with L. Liu and D. Y, Yang), Journal of Infrastructure Systems, ASCE, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2020, 04019037, 1-15,
• "Toward Life-cycle Reliability-, Risk-, and Resilience-based Design and Assessment of Bridges and Bridge Networks under Independent and Interacting Hazards: Emphasis on Earthquake, Tsunami and Corrosion," (with M. Akiyama, and H. Ishibashi), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2020, 26-50, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1604770
• "Societal Risk Assessment of Transportation Networks under Uncertainties due to Climate Change and Population Growth," (with D.Y. Yang), Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 78, 33-47, 2019, 
• "Risk-Informed Structural Repair Decision Making for Service Life Extension of Aging Naval Ships," (with Y. Liu, and M. Cheng), Marine Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 64, 305-321, 2019, 
• "Utility and Information Analysis for Optimum Inspection of Fatigue-Sensitive Structures," (with Y. Liu), Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 145, No. 2, 04018251 1-12, 2019, 
• "Life-cycle Management of Deteriorating Civil Infrastructure Considering Resilience to Lifetime Hazards: A General Approach based on Renewal-reward Processes," (with D.Y. Yang), Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 183, 197-212, 2019 
• "Sustainability-Informed Bridge Ranking under Scour Based on Transportation Network Performance and Multi-Attribute Utility," (with L. Liu, A. Mondoro, and D.Y. Yang), Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 23, No. 10, 04018082 1-12, 2018, 
• "Risk-Informed Bridge Ranking at Project and Network Levels," (with D.Y. Yang), Journal of Infrastructure Systems, ASCE, Vol. 24, No. 3, 04018018 1-13, 2018, 
• "Novel Technique for Configuration Transformation of 3D Curved Cables of Suspension Bridges: Application to the Dongtiao River Bridge," (with X. Wang, Y. Dong, X. Lei, and Y. Zhang), Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2018, 04018045 1-11 
• “Influence of the Exposure Scenario and Spatial Correlation on the Probabilistic Life-Cycle Seismic Performance of Deteriorating RC Frames,” (with A. Titi, S. Bianchi, and F. Biondini), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2018, 986-996, 
• "Life-Cycle Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures under Multiple Hazards," (with T. Yanweerasak, W. Pansuk and M. Akiyama), Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2018, 1011-1024, 

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