Field Campaigns

2019 FIREX-AQ

Anonymous — Sat, 26 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2019 FIREX-AQ Anonymous (not verified) Sat, 01/26/2019 - 00:00

Biomass burning is a large and uncontrolled emission of reactive gas phase species and aerosol with major impacts on air quality and climate. Particularly in the western U.S., the combination of past fire suppression activities and climate change has led to increased wildfire frequency and area burned in recent decades. The 2019 combined NASA - NOAA FIREX-AQ utilized a suite of aircraft to characterize the emissions, transport and atmospheric chemistry of biomass burning emissions.

The NASA DC-8 flew with an extremely comprehensive payload out of Boise, Idaho to study western wildfires and Salina, Kansas to study agricultural fires in the eastern U.S. Our group will deployed the airborne cavity enhanced spectrometer (ACES) for measurements of glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and nitrogen dioxide.

The NOAA Twin Otter is a light aircraft based in Boise, Idaho and Cedar City, Utah for detailed investigations of western wildfires. Its more targeted payload to investigated photochemistry, nighttime chemistry and aerosol optical properties in biomass burning plumes. Our group lead the deployment of this aircraft.

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2018 NO3-Isop SAPHIR Chamber

Anonymous — Fri, 25 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2018 NO3-Isop SAPHIR Chamber Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 01/25/2019 - 00:00

Isoprene, C₅H₈, is by far the most important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted to Earth’s atmosphere. It undergoes atmospheric oxidation during the day by OH, and by O₃and NO₃at night. The NO₃oxidation represents one of the mechanisms by which anthropogenic pollution in the form of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) interacts with biogenic cycles and may be an efficient route to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from isoprene oxidation. The SAPHIR chamber at the Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany is a state-of-the-art facility for the investigation of atmospheric chemical mechanisms. The 2018 study was a comprehensive investigation of the NO₃-Isoprene study to elucidate major oxidation pathways, peroxy radical chemistry, key reactive intermediates, and SOA.

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2017 Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS)

Anonymous — Thu, 24 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2017 Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS) Anonymous (not verified) Thu, 01/24/2019 - 00:00

The mountain basins of northern Utah, including the urban regions around Salt Lake City and Provo, and the rural regions around Logan, experience some of the most severe particulate matter (PM) air pollution in the U.S. These events are associated with winter meteorology known as persistent cold air pools (PCAPs), which trap surface emissions within an altitude range below that of the surrounding terrain. A key to understanding this air pollution and to providing scientific information applicable to mitigation strategies is measurement of the vertical structure and chemical composition within these PCAPs during both daytime and nighttime. The 2017 Utah Winter Fine Particulate Matter Study was a combined aircraft and ground based investigation. The NOAA Twin Otter is a light aircraft that had an instrument payload specifically targeted toward wintertime PM. The data set and analysis provide a new understanding of atmospheric chemical mechanisms during winter relevant to air quality in northern Utah and other regions with severe winter air pollution worldwide.

Selected papers

Franchin, A., D.L. Fibiger, L. Goldberger, E.E. McDuffie, A. Moravek, C.C. Womack, E.T. Crosman, K.S. Docherty, W.P. Dube, S.W. Hoch, B.H. Lee, R. Long, J.G. Murphy, J.A. Thornton, S.S. Brown, M. Baasandorj, and A.M. Middlebrook, Airborne and ground-based observations of ammonium-nitrate-dominated aerosols in a shallow boundary layer during intense winter pollution episodes in northern Utah. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018. 18(23): p. 17259-17276. https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17259/2018/

Womack, C.C., E.E. McDuffie, P.M. Edwards, R. Bares, J.A. de Gouw, K.S. Docherty, W.P. Dubé, D.A. Fibiger, A. Franchin, J.B. Gilman, L. Goldberger, B.H. Lee, J.C. Lin, R. Long, A.M. Middlebrook, D.B. Millet, A. Moravek, J.G. Murphy, P.K. Quinn, T.P. Riedel, J.M. Roberts, J.A. Thornton, L.C. Valin, P.R. Veres, A.R. Whitehill, R.J. Wild, C. Warneke, B. Yuan, M. Baasandorj, and S.S. Brown, Wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in urban areas: NOx and VOC control as mitigation strategies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2019. in press.

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2016 Fire Sciences Laboratory

Anonymous — Wed, 23 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2016 Fire Sciences Laboratory Anonymous (not verified) Wed, 01/23/2019 - 00:00

The USDA Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana is a unique facility where biomass burning emissions can be studied in a controlled environment. Fuels characteristic of biomass burning in different regions, such as western U.S. forests, grasslands or agricultural fuels, are ignited underneath a large stack equipped with sampling ports for chemical instrumentation.

In 2016, NOAA led a large-scale study with an extensive instrumentation suite at this laboratory to produce arguably the most detailed investigation of biomass burning emissions to date. Our group fielded the Airborne Cavity Enhanced Spectrometer (ACES) to measure emission factors for glyoxal and methylglyoxal, together with NO₂and HONO.

Selected Papers

Zarzana, K.J., V. Selimovic, A.R. Koss, K. Sekimoto, M.M. Coggon, B. Yuan, W.P. Dubé, R.J. Yokelson, C. Warneke, J.A. de Gouw, J.M. Roberts, and S.S. Brown, Primary emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from laboratory measurements of open biomass burning. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018. 18(20): p. 15451-15470. https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/15451/2018/

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2015 Seoul Tower

Anonymous — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2015 Seoul Tower Anonymous (not verified) Tue, 01/22/2019 - 00:00

The urban area of Seoul, South Korea, is one of the largest in the world, with a population of 25 million. Like other global megacities, it is subject to poor air quality. Nighttime chemistry contributes to atmospheric chemical cycles that define air quality in these regions, but it is difficult to study because of the nighttime vertical stratification, which leads to concentration of primary pollutants and suppression of chemistry near the surface but active chemistry in an altitude range above 100 m. In May and June of 2015, the group of Kyung-Eun Min from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology hosted us at the Seoul Tower during the Megacity Air Pollution Study at the Seoul Tower. Sampling from a height of 300 m above the city, the investigation characterized daytime and nighttime chemical transformation rates, measuring some of the most rapid nighttime chemistry in the world.

Selected Papers

Brown, S.S., H.J. An, M. Lee, J.H. Park, S.D. Lee, D.L. Fibiger, E.E. McDuffie, W.P. Dubé, N.L. Wagner, and K.E. Min, Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy for Measurement of Nitrogen Oxides in the Anthropocene: Results from the Seoul Tower during MAPS 2015. Faraday Discussions, 2017. 200: p. 529-557. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/fd/c7fd00001d#!divAbstract

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2015 Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions and Reactivity (WINTER)

Anonymous — Sun, 20 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2015 Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions and Reactivity (WINTER) Anonymous (not verified) Sun, 01/20/2019 - 00:00

Atmospheric chemical transformations, which define the impact associated emissions of primary pollutants, have a strong seasonal dependence. In the warmer and more photochemically active summer months, strong oxidant formation leads to the rapid production of multiple secondary pollutants, such as ozone and organic aerosol. In winter, short-lived primary pollutants (NO_x, VOC, SO₂) oxidize more slowly, often driven by multiphase processes, and consequently affect wider geographic areas downwind of source regions. Not only are the processes uncertain, but there is little data from field intensives to constrain models.

The WINTER study was an NSF funded project that supports collaborative research between the Thornton group at University of Washington and NOAA that to provide aircraft-based measurements to address fundamental questions about wintertime chemical transformation. The NSF C-130 was based in Langley, Virginia and executed 13 research flights spanning the region from New England to Atlanta, and the Ohio River Valley to the Atlantic Ocean.

Selected Papers

Shah, V., L. Jaeglé, J.A. Thornton, F.D. Lopez-Hilfiker, B.H. Lee, J.C. Schroder, P. Campuzano-Jost, J.L. Jimenez, H. Guo, A.P. Sullivan, R.J. Weber, J.R. Green, M.N. Fiddler, S. Bililign, T.L. Campos, M. Stell, A.J. Weinheimer, D.D. Montzka, and S.S. Brown, Chemical feedbacks weaken the wintertime response of particulate sulfate and nitrate to emissions reductions over the eastern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018. 115(32): p. 8110. http://www.pnas.org/content/115/32/8110.abstract

McDuffie, E.E., D.L. Fibiger, W.P. Dubé, F. Lopez Hilfiker, B.H. Lee, L. Jaeglé, H. Guo, R.J. Weber, J.M. Reeves, A.J. Weinheimer, J.C. Schroder, P. Campuzano-Jost, J.L. Jimenez, J.E. Dibb, P. Veres, C. Ebben, T.L. Sparks, P.J. Wooldridge, R.C. Cohen, T. Campos, S.R. Hall, K. Ullmann, J.M. Roberts, J.A. Thornton, and S.S. Brown, ClNO2 Yields From Aircraft Measurements During the 2015 WINTER Campaign and Critical Evaluation of the Current Parameterization. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018. 123(22): p. 12,994-13,015. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029358

McDuffie, E., E., L. Fibiger Dorothy, P. Dubé William, F. Lopez‐Hilfiker, H. Lee Ben, A. Thornton Joel, V. Shah, L. Jaeglé, H. Guo, J. Weber Rodney, J. Michael Reeves, J. Weinheimer Andrew, C. Schroder Jason, P. Campuzano‐Jost, L. Jimenez Jose, E. Dibb Jack, P. Veres, C. Ebben, L. Sparks Tamara, J. Wooldridge Paul, C. Cohen Ronald, S. Hornbrook Rebecca, C. Apel Eric, T. Campos, R. Hall Samuel, K. Ullmann, and S. Brown Steven, Heterogeneous N2O5 Uptake During Winter: Aircraft Measurements During the 2015 WINTER Campaign and Critical Evaluation of Current Parameterizations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018. 123(8): p. 4345-4372. https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JD028336

Fibiger, D.L., E.E. McDuffie, W.P. Dubé, K.C. Aikin, F.D. Lopez-Hilfiker, B.H. Lee, J.R. Green, M.N. Fiddler, J.S. Holloway, C. Ebben, T.L. Sparks, P. Wooldridge, A.J. Weinheimer, D.D. Montzka, E.C. Apel, R.S. Hornbrook, A.J. Hills, N.J. Blake, J.P. DiGangi, G.M. Wolfe, S. Bililign, R.C. Cohen, J.A. Thornton, and S.S. Brown, Wintertime Overnight NO_x Removal in a Southeastern United States Coal-fired Power Plant Plume: A Model for Understanding Winter NO_x Processing and its Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018. 123(2): p. 1412-1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027768

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2014 CARE Beijing

Anonymous — Sat, 19 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2014 CARE Beijing Anonymous (not verified) Sat, 01/19/2019 - 00:00

CARE-Beijing is an international air quality study focused on understanding the transport and transformation process of air pollution in Beijing and the surrounding North China Plain. Collaborators include the College of Environmental Science and Engineering at Peking University, the Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany and the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Field observations are aimed at understanding the process of particle formation, as well as the health impacts of air pollution. Instruments deploy to a field site in Wangdu, 170 km southwest of Beijing on the North China Plain (NCP). CSD installed the ACES instrument for the ground-based measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO), nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). These key sources of atmospheric oxidants participate in photochemical reactions producing harmful secondary pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter.

Selected Papers

1. Fuchs, H., Z. Tan, K. Lu, B. Bohn, S. Broch, S.S. Brown, H. Dong, S. Gomm, R. Häseler, L. He, A. Hofzumahaus, F. Holland, X. Li, Y. Liu, S. Lu, K.E. Min, F. Rohrer, M. Shao, B. Wang, M. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Zeng, Y. Zhang, A. Wahner, and Y. Zhang, OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: contributions from OH reactants and experimental OH budget. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2017. 17(1): p. 645-661 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/645/2017/

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2014 FRAPPE / DISCOVER

Anonymous — Fri, 18 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2014 FRAPPE / DISCOVER Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 01/18/2019 - 00:00

The NSF sponsored Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) and the NASA sponsored Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission took place in summer 2014 and included aircraft from both agencies (NSF C-130, NASA P-3). Our group operated instruments at the BAO tower site in collaboration with groups from Colorado State University and the University of Toronto. Vertical profiling from a movable carriage on the 300 m tall tower produced vertical profiles of ozone, reactive nitrogen species, gas phase acids and oxygenated VOCs, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, aerosol size distributions and extinction. The overall goal of this effort is to understand sources, transport and chemical transformations of air pollutants, particularly those that lead to summertime, ground level ozone in Colorado.

Selected Papers

McDuffie, E.E., P.M. Edwards, J.B. Gilman, B.M. Lerner, W.P. Dubé, M. Trainer, D.E. Wolfe, W.M. Angevine, J. deGouw, E.J. Williams, A.G. Tevlin, J.G. Murphy, E.V. Fischer, S. McKeen, T.B. Ryerson, J. Peischl, J.S. Holloway, K. Aikin, A.O. Langford, C.J. Senff, R.J. Alvarez, S.R. Hall, K. Ullmann, K.O. Lantz, and S.S. Brown, Influence of oil and gas emissions on summertime ozone in the Colorado Northern Front Range. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2016. 121(14): p. 8712-8729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025265

Baier, B.C., W.H. Brune, D.O. Miller, D. Blake, R. Long, A. Wisthaler, C. Cantrell, A. Fried, B. Heikes, S. Brown, E. McDuffie, F. Flocke, E. Apel, L. Kaser, and A. Weinheimer, Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NOx levels in the Colorado Front Range. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2017. 17(18): p. 11273-11292. https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11273/2017/

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2013 Hong Kong

Anonymous — Thu, 17 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2013 Hong Kong Anonymous (not verified) Thu, 01/17/2019 - 00:00

Hong Kong is a megacity of 7 million people in the Pearl River Delta Region of China, which has a total population of 120 million. In the fall of 2013, our group traveled to there to make the first measurements of nighttime chemistry within the residual layer (the remnant of the previous day’s convective boundary layer) in Asia. We collaborated with the group of Professor Tao Wangat Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The sampling site was at the summit of Tai Mo Shan (translation: “Big Hat Mountain”), the highest point in Hong Kong and 950 m above Sea Level. The site mainly experienced inflow from the south China sea, with aged air pollution that had been transported from the North China Plain. Several nighttime events entrained air with high concentrations of urban pollution from the megacity of Guangzhou, with high levels of N₂O₅(up to 12 ppbv) and ClNO₂(up to 4.8 ppbv). Subsequent modeling demonstrated the influence of this nighttime chemistry on next-day ozone in the region through chlorine activation reactions.

Selected Papers

Brown, S.S., W.P. Dubé, Y.J. Tham, Q. Zha, L. Xue, S. Poon, Z. Wang, D.R. Blake, W. Tsui, D.D. Parrish, and T. Wang, Nighttime chemistry at a high altitude site above Hong Kong. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2016. 121(5): p. 2457-2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024566

Wang, T., Y.J. Tham, L. Xue, Q. Li, Q. Zha, Z. Wang, S.C.N. Poon, W.P. Dubé, D.R. Blake, P.K.K. Louie, C.W.Y. Luk, W. Tsui, and S.S. Brown, Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2016. 121(5): p. 2476-2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024556

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2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX)

Anonymous — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 07:00:00 +0000

2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Anonymous (not verified) Wed, 01/16/2019 - 00:00

Southeast Nexus: Studying the Interactions Between Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions at the Nexus of Climate Change and Air Quality. SENEX was a NOAA P-3 aircraft campaign based near Nashville, TN with research flights across the southeast and midwestern US. The Southeast US has large biogenic emissions, and one goal was to characterize their interactions with anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants. Our group deployed two instruments. The first was the Airborne Cavity Enhanced Spectrometer (ACES), which made its first research flights during this campaign and produced the first high resolution map of glyoxal over the large isoprene emitting regions of the southeast U.S. The second was the nitrogen oxide cavity ring down spectrometer, with a focus on the nighttime chemistry of NO₃and N₂O₅. Analysis of night flights demonstrated the degree to which NO₃radicals arising from NO_xpollution influences nighttime isoprene oxidation occurring in the residual layer and showed that the southeast is in a transition between NO_xsaturated and NO_xlimited nighttime chemistry.

Selected Papers

Fry, J.L., S.S. Brown, A.M. Middlebrook, P.M. Edwards, P. Campuzano-Jost, D.A. Day, J.L. Jimenez, H.M. Allen, T.B. Ryerson, I. Pollack, M. Graus, C. Warneke, J.A. de Gouw, C.A. Brock, J. Gilman, B.M. Lerner, W.P. Dubé, J. Liao, and A. Welti, Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from NO3 radical + isoprene based on nighttime aircraft power plant plume transects. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018. 18(16): p. 11663-11682. https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/11663/2018/

Edwards, P.M., K.C. Aikin, W.P. Dube, J.L. Fry, J.B. Gilman, J.A. de Gouw, M.G. Graus, T.F. Hanisco, J. Holloway, G. Hubler, J. Kaiser, F.N. Keutsch, B.M. Lerner, J.A. Neuman, D.D. Parrish, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, A.R. Ravishankara, J.M. Roberts, T.B. Ryerson, M. Trainer, P.R. Veres, G.M. Wolfe, C. Warneke, and S.S. Brown, Transition from high- to low-NO_x control of night-time oxidation in the southeastern US. Nature Geosci, 2017. 10(7): p. 490-495. https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2976

Li, J., J. Mao, K.-E. Min, R.A. Washenfelder, S.S. Brown, J. Kaiser, F.N. Keutsch, R. Volkamer, G.M. Wolfe, T.F. Hanisco, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, M. Graus, J.B. Gilman, B.M. Lerner, C. Warneke, J.A. de Gouw, A.M. Middlebrook, J. Liao, A. Welti, B.H. Henderson, V.F. McNeill, S.R. Hall, K. Ullmann, L.J. Donner, F. Paulot, and L.W. Horowitz, Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2016. 121(16): p. 9849-9861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025331

Kaiser, J., G.M. Wolfe, K.E. Min, S.S. Brown, C.C. Miller, D.J. Jacob, J.A. deGouw, M. Graus, T.F. Hanisco, J. Holloway, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Warneke, R.A. Washenfelder, and F.N. Keutsch, Reassessing the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde as an indicator of hydrocarbon precursor speciation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2015. 15(13): p. 7571-7583. http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/7571/2015/

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