The wreckage from Hurricane Patricia in 2015.
In the hours and days following a natural disaster, armies of first responders, aid workers and journalists flock to the scene to offer help and to get the word out about what鈥檚 happening on the ground. Over the years, social scientists and engineers have increasingly converged there too, interviewing survivors and scouring through rubble for fleeting clues on how to make both property and people more disaster-resilient.
To help those scientists better coordinate their work and assure it鈥檚 done with sensitivity to victims, the National Science Foundation has awarded 彩民宝典 $3 million for a new, first-of-its kind facility听called CONVERGE.
鈥淲e are living in an era increasingly marked by disasters听and with each fresh disaster comes the need to learn from these events,鈥� said Sociology Professor Lori Peek, principal investigator for CONVERGE. The center will be housed at the which Peek directs, at the on campus.
鈥淎s more scientists from around the world get involved, there is a need to bring them together and assure we are doing ethically grounded and scientifically valid research,鈥� she said.
A rising tide of disasters
Lori Peek / Photo by 彩民宝典
Worldwide economic losses from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and other climate-related disasters totaled nearly $2.9 trillion over the past 20 years, up 151 percent from the previous 20-year period, according to a recent United Nations report.
To prepare for such disasters, NSF established the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI)听in 2016, investing听$64 million in a shared network of university-based facilities and research projects exploring everything from how to build more earthquake and tornado-resilient structures to how to assure school children鈥檚 educations are minimally disrupted post-disaster.
Haste is key to natural hazards research, notes Peek, as precious data quickly slips away when collapsed buildings are bulldozed and survivors leave the area. To gather it before it's gone, 鈥渞apid reconnaissance teams鈥� often deploy to disaster-stricken communities within hours.
鈥淲e use the same methods that other researchers use, but what is different is the context,鈥� explains Peek, who landed in New Orleans shortly after Hurricane Katrina to study the impacts of the disaster on school children. 鈥淲e go into the field quickly and travel to places where the entire community has been badly disrupted. These are difficult situations and unique ethical, legal and cultural guidance may be needed.鈥�
Smarter research = resilient communities
To provide that guidance, CONVERGE - which will be housed at the Natural Hazards Center - will establish a new Reconnaissance Leadership Corps made up of engineers and social and natural scientists. They鈥檒l offer training, develop a series of best practice documents on safety considerations and working with socially vulnerable populations听and help researchers establish a scientific agenda before heading into the field.
The center also aims to make social science an integrated piece of the NHERI network by offering financial and technological support for research on human impacts of natural hazards.听 It鈥檚 working with the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Washington to develop data sharing platforms and mobile phone data collection apps for scientists in diverse fields who want to collaborate.
For instance, an engineer using aerial drones to assess why some structures collapse while others don鈥檛 could seamlessly share those images with social scientists on the ground to help them answer questions like: Which groups are most likely to be displaced after a disaster and how does this vary by socioeconomic status? Who is most likely to evacuate and why? And what factors play into an individual鈥檚 decision to return home鈥攐r not?
"Disasters occur at the interface of the natural, built and social environments听and the only way to understand these events in their full context is by having natural and听social scientists, and engineers听working together,鈥� says Joe Wartman, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UW and director of the
Ultimately, they all share a common goal: to keep natural hazards from becoming societal disasters.
鈥淭he hope is that we can figure out how to reduce the harm and suffering that these disasters bring about and improve recovery,鈥� said听Peek.
